Should have

We use should have + past participle to talk about things we regret.
I got really wet walking home last night, I should have taken an umbrella.
The speaker did not take an umbrella when she went out last night so she got wet. She regrets that she did not take her umbrella.
Regret (verb/noun) is to feel sorry about something that happened or did not happen in the past.
I should have called you sooner.
You should have spoken to me before deciding.
Sarah talked all the way through the movie. I should not have invited her to the cinema.
I'm really tired today. I should not have stayed awake so late last night.
I shouldn't have shouted at her.

Exercises with Should have

• 1) I should have (buy) more water.
• 2) You should have (listen) to me.
• 3) I should not have (forget) my passport.
• 4) He should have (wear) a tie to the restaurant.
• 5) I should not have (eat) so much.
• 6) We should not have (drive) during the storm.
• 7) You should not have (hide) your sister's phone.
• 8) I should have (do) more research.
• 9) She should not have (drink) so much wine.
• 10) I should have (write) more.

Wish and if only

Wish and ‘If only’ are both used to talk about regrets – things that we would like to change either about the past or the present.

Talking about the present

• If only I didn’t have so much homework I could go to the concert tonight. She has a lot of homework and she can’t go to the concert.
• I wish you didn’t live so far away.
• I wish I knew what to do.

When we talk about present regrets, both wish and if only are followed by the past simple tense. The past tense emphasises that we are talking about something ‘unreal’.

Talking about the past

• I wish I’d studied harder when I was at school. He didn’t study harder when he was at school.
• I wish I hadn’t eaten all that chocolate. I feel sick.
• If only I’d known you were coming.

Both wish and if only are followed by the past perfect tense when we talk about past regrets.

Wish/if only and would

We use wish + would to talk about something in the present that we would like to change – usually something that we find annoying.

• I wish you wouldn’t borrow my clothes without asking.
• I wish it would rain. The garden really needs some water.
• I wish you’d give up smoking. it’s really bad for you.

NB We can only use wish + would to talk about things we can’t change.

So I wish I wouldn’t eat so much chocolate is not possible although we can say I wish I didn’t eat so much chocolate.

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